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The History of Yersinia Pestis in Europe from the Perspective of Ancient DNA
Nováková, Veronika ; Ehler, Edvard (advisor) ; Vojíř, Karel (referee)
je gramnegativní bakterie, která byla na konci devatenáctého století odhalena jako původce moru. je blízce příbuzná , od níž se liší přítomností určitých virulentních faktorů. Právě virulentní faktory umožňují efektivní přežití hmyzích vektoru, kterým je blecha. Blecha poté zajišťuje úspěšný přenos bakterie na obratlovce, což je nejčastěji hlodavec, případně člověk. Bakterie je geneticky vybavena tak, aby unikla imunitnímu systému. Během lidské historie proběhly tři morové pandemie, Justiniánský mor, Černá smrt a moderní pandemie, u všech z nich byla pomocí aDNA z kosterních pozůstatků potvrzena přítomnost . Mor způ době bronzové. Sekvenace aDNA a zdokonalování molekulárních metod při studiu historických pandemií se jeví jako vhodná strategie pro pochopení možných budoucích pandemií. Pomocí aDNA lze zjistit nejen fylogenezi patogenů, ale je možné i sledovat změny genofondu populace napříč historií a jak v migracemi, tak i možnými změnami způsobenými samotným KLÍČOVÁ SLOVA mor, bakterie, migrace, populace, mikrobiologie, starodávná DNA
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Experimentální mechanická analýza konstrukčního prvku LSL s mechanicky diferenciovanými vrstvami
Jadrný, Radek
The thesis is focused on the use of alternative wood in the form of wood waste for the production of wood-based structural composite material. Adverse conditions lead to the deterioration of wood quality, thus generating a larger proportion of waste, which is very important to recycle in terms of storing harmful carbon. Therefore, this thesis deals with the production of the latest strand agglomerated structural material such as Intrallam (LSL) which is almost unavailable and unknown material for the country. For the experimental mechanical analysis of the LSL structural element with mechanically differentiated layers, spruce and larch wood strands were produced with parameters corresponding to those of commercially used strands with dimensional variation of 0.7 - 0.9 mm thickness, 20 to 50 mm width and 300 mm length. For the production of one LSL board, 90% of the strands with a fraction x > 10x10 mm and 10% of the strands with a fraction 5x5 < x < 10x10 mm were used. Larch (REF-MD) and spruce (REF-SM) reference Intrallam and Intrallam with mechanically differentiated layers (MDV) were produced for the research work. The surface layers of the MDV Intrallam were composed of larch strands and the core layer of spruce strands. To ensure excellent mechanical, physical and chemical properties, the LSL was bonded with polymer methylenediphenyl-diisocyanate (pMDI) at a strand moisture content of 7%. The manufactured LSL samples were subjected to mechanical tests – bending with DIC, internal bond strength, shear strength and compressive strength. The results showed that larch wood is a very favorable alternative wood species for the production of structural agglomerated materials.
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Lahovice in sources of collective character 17th-19th century.
Smítková, Alena ; Ebelová, Ivana (advisor) ; Woitschová, Klára (referee)
The thesis "Lahovice in sources of collective character 17.-19. century" treats informations from the register of births, marriages and deaths of the church St. James the Greater in Zbraslav in 1652-1800 years. The purpose of this thesis next to basic demographical data is the first name question - what or who had a bearing on this selection. Here are writing out all first names of this time together with the main factors, which have been able to decide on bearing the first name.
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Last plague epidemic in the Czech lands, especially in Prague (1713-1714)
Koubová, Markéta ; Foltýn, Dušan (advisor) ; Charvátová, Kateřina (referee)
The main part of the thesis mentions last plague epidemic wave, that hit our country in the years 1713-1714, here I focus specifically on the city of Prague. The Czech lands, Moravia and Silesia are mentioned only briefly to show little differences between lands and their plague rules. I also describe medical facilities and hospitals, where were sick and dying people placed, and personnel which took care of these people. Divine services were important for people at that time, society was very religious and people thought that plague is a divine punishment. Even though society was very religiously based, cities and streets were filthy and full of mud.People in cities had very poor hygienic standards and habits, that helped to faster spreading of the disease. At last, places of final rest for terminally ill people, plague cemeteries are mentioned.
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Historical times of plague - associated with climate
Suchardová, Kateřina ; Soukupová, Jana (advisor) ; Bašta, Petr (referee)
This bachelor thesis is concerned with occurrence of historical plague epidemics and their connection primarily with the origins and progress in the course of climate change. First part of the thesis is a summary of general information about the plague as a term and as a disease. Next part is briefly concerned with the vastest presence of the plague in Europe, predominantly in Bohemia and Moravia. Last but one section focuses on the plague in connection with not only climate changes but also with short-term weather conditions. In conclusion of the work is involved personal adaptation of historical weather conditions within the plague period in Bohemia and Moravia as well as a perspective on reciprocal link between these conditions during these years.
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